DARPA STTR 2006 Phase I Award Winners

APTIMA, INC.
12 Gill Street
Woburn, MA 01801
(781) 496-2415

PI: Dr. Kari Kelton
(202) 842-1548
Contract #: W31P4Q-06-C-0398
MASSACUUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Cambridge, MA 02139
(617) 253-3529

ID#: 06ST1-0035
Agency: DARPA
Topic#: 06-004       Awarded: 16AUG06
Title: SCALE: Spontaneous Collaboration Assistant and Linking Engine
Abstract:   Static organization charts and standard processes define roles, methods, and authority in useful ways for common missions. But these same, rigid structures force the organization to behave inefficiently, often ineffectively on problems in new domains, problems requiring new coordination methods and ad hoc teams. What is needed to facilitate rapid formation of effective human networks is a system that non-invasively monitors the rich content of digital media and conversation, builds knowledge of ad hoc and potential networks, and accurately recommends new opportunities for collaboration. The proposed research addresses this need by developing the Spontaneous Collaboration Assistant and Linking Engine (SCALE), an innovative new technology that integrates three cutting-edge approaches: . Text mining of digital documents and communications to construct an organizational model of members' areas of knowledge/work and existing collaboration relationships; . Reality mining of physical interactions between people to augment the model of organizational knowledge and collaboration; . Social network analysis to identify new productivity-enhancing opportunities for spontaneous collaboration between members of the organization.

CORNERSTONE RESEARCH GROUP, INC.
2750 Indian Ripple Road
Dayton, OH 45440
(937) 320-1877

PI: Mr. Jason Hermiller
(937) 320-1877
Contract #: W31P4Q-06-C-0406
UNIV. OF COLORADO
3100 Marine St Room 481, 572 UCB
Boulder, CO 80309
(303) 492-2692

ID#: 06ST1-0055
Agency: DARPA
Topic#: 06-005       Awarded: 09AUG06
Title: Design Methodology for Attaching Morphing Components
Abstract:   Cornerstone Research Group Inc. (CRG) and the University of Colorado at Boulder (CU-Boulder) will establish the fundamental understanding of materials and mechanical interaction necessary to develop modeling capabilities and fabrication processes for fastening morphing skins. During Phase I, CRG will conduct a broad array of multidisciplinary research ranging from biological systems to emerging mechanical design methodology related to fastening. Phase I efforts will focus on demonstrating the feasibility of overcoming existing fastening challenges at boundary conditions as well as demonstrating predictive modeling capabilities. CU-Boulder will develop and validate a constitutive continuum model for use in finite element analysis (FEA) of morphing materials. Phase II will optimize and extend the fastening methodology and modeling capability to tackle more complex fastening situations beyond simple perimeter boundary conditions. The establishment of the proposed advanced fastening methodology will provide significant enhancements over existing morphing materials performance enabling orders of magnitude increase in lifecycle performance, cost, aerodynamic performance, and signature control.

CORNERSTONE RESEARCH GROUP, INC.
2750 Indian Ripple Road
Dayton, OH 45440
(937) 320-1877

PI: Mr. Ernie Havens
(937) 320-1877
Contract #: W31P4Q-06-C-0408
UNIV. OF PITTSBURGH
Office of Research 350 Thackeray Hall
Pittsburgh, PA 15260
(412) 624-7400

ID#: 06ST1-0061
Agency: DARPA
Topic#: 06-007       Awarded: 28AUG06
Title: Light-Activated Shape Memory Composite
Abstract:   Cornerstone Research Group, Inc. (CRG) and the University of Pittsburgh (Pitt) will develop light-activated composite materials technology. This development effort will enable the next generation of military vehicles to quickly and efficiently undergo dramatic reconfigurations as necessary to respond optimally to unpredictable warfare scenarios. Light-activated composite materials technology will provide significant enhancements over existing morphing materials approaches enabling higher performance capability for future morphing vehicle systems. The advanced functionality of these materials will include faster activation times, lower energy consumption, and bi-stable state performance. The primary light-activated material sought under this effort is light-activated shape memory polymer (LASMP). When applied as a direct replacement for thermally-activated shape memory polymers, LASMP will significantly reduce the time required for reconfiguration, reduce the overall energy consumption to switch and hold, and increase mechanical performance during shape change by allowing rapid on-off (digital) modulus switching at only discrete locations otherwise.

ECLIPTIC ENTERPRISES CORP.
398 W. Washington Blvd.
Pasadena, CA 91103
(626) 798-2436

PI: Mr. Rex Ridenoure
(626) 798-2436
Contract #: W31P4Q-07-C-0106
CAL POLY SAN LUIS OBISPO
Aerospace Engr. Department Cal Poly Stat
San Luis Obispo, CA 93401
(805) 756-6479

ID#: 06ST1-0097
Agency: DARPA
Topic#: 06-011       Awarded: 20DEC06
Title: P-POD and RocketPod on Steroids
Abstract:   Ecliptic Enterprises Corporation (Pasadena, CA) and California State Polytechnic University (San Luis Obispo, CA) will conduct exploratory and advanced development of a family of concepts enabling cost-effective, recurring opportunities for launching very small (<20 kg) `microsat' to `nanosat' to `picosat' secondary payloads on existing and emerging U.S. launch vehicles and spacecraft while also allowing for deployment and capable proximity operations of such systems around their host platforms once in space. The proposed effort starts with elements of the proven "P-POD" launch system for CubeSat-class (10 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm; ~2 kg) space systems overseen at Cal Poly and elements of the novel RocketPodT CubeSat-class launch system invented (and now patented) by Ecliptic. RocketPod is derived from Ecliptic's very successful RocketCamT family of onboard video and imaging systems for use with rockets and spacecraft. We start with these concepts, refine them, and also scale up a bit, like "P-POD and RocketPod on steroids."

FREYTAG & CO. LLC
1647 Sierra Woods Drive
Reston, VA 20194
(703) 593-6543

PI: Mr. Richard Freytag
(703) 579-5377
Contract #: W31P4Q-06-C-0416
UNIV. OF MINNESOTA
Sponsored Projects Administrat 200 Oak S
Minneapolis, MN 55455
(612) 624-5599

ID#: 06ST1-0042
Agency: DARPA
Topic#: 06-004       Awarded: 10OCT06
Title: Robust Self-Forming Human Networks: Making Organizations Work
Abstract:   This proposed work researches, designs, and prototypes a lightweight knowledge management tool supporting legacy communication protocols to assist organizations in automatically restructure themselves to meet new challenges and tasks. This tool promotes virtual reorganizations that connect individuals with common interests and functions irrespective of the official "organization chart" by displaying the real "wiring diagram."

GALOIS CONNECTIONS, INC.
12725 SW Millikan Way
Beaverton, OR 97005
(503) 626-6616

PI: Dr. John Launchbury
(503) 626-6616
Contract #: W31P4Q-06-C-0393
YALE UNIV.
Department of Computer Science P.O. Box
New Haven, CT 06520
(203) 432-4715

ID#: 06ST1-0016
Agency: DARPA
Topic#: 06-002       Awarded: 15AUG06
Title: Automated Wide-Area Network Configuration from High-Level Specifications
Abstract:   We propose to design and implement a domain-specific language (DSL) called Nettle that will eliminate a large class of network misconfiguration errors, together with a verification tool that will be used to establish the correctness of other network configuration specifications. Advantages of our approach include: - It can be deployed gracefully and incrementally. The use of Nettle will guarantee many local behavioral properties, as well as certain more global ones, and as more organizations use the framework, greater degrees of correcness can be ensured. - Nettle will be expressive. We will not excessively limit the range of routing decisions that can be expressed. - Nettle will be efficient and platform independent. It will be possible to compile programs written in the DSL on a variety of router platforms and configurations.

HOTSPOT DYNAMICS
2950 Harvey Court
Marina, CA 93933
(703) 868-7247

PI: Mr. Steven Huntsman
(703) 868-7247
Contract #: W31P4Q-06-C-0388
NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
Physics Department 833 Dyer Rd
Monterey, CA 93943
(831) 238-4444

ID#: 06ST1-0005
Agency: DARPA
Topic#: 06-001       Awarded: 26JUL06
Title: Scalable Information Assurance Through Thermodynamical Traffic Analysis
Abstract:   The objective of this joint proposal between Hotspot Dynamics and the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) is to design and evaluate a large-network deployable computer network defense (CND) system based on thermodynamical traffic analysis (TTA). The system has linear scalability with increased network size (number of hosts and traffic level) that is superior to the exponential scalability of conventional approaches (signature- and heuristic-based) that will not be applicable to future network sizes. In addition to improved performance, TTA also represents the only known scientific approach for describing computer networks with the potential to provide significant improvements in false alarm rates for larger scale networks. It is applicable to the detection of novel ("0-day") attacks, covert channels, encryption-based techniques, and the increased traffic diversity anticipated in future large-scale networks. The Phase I effort will result in a clearly articulated architecture capable of faithfully taking TTA into the mainstream. By allowing the now fully-developed underlying principles to be incorporated into a carefully planned architecture, the foundation will be laid for freeing CND from its present reliance on ad hoc methods. In short, the Phase I work will provide a blueprint for the subsequent development of a production system beginning in Phase II.

LYNNTECH, INC.
7607 Eastmark Drive, Suite 102
College Station, TX 77840
(979) 693-0017

PI: Dr. Alan Cisar
(979) 693-0017
Contract #: W31P4Q-06-C-0419
UNIVERISTY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
Dept. of Materials Science Viterbi Schoo
Los Angeles, CA 90098
(213) 740-3016

ID#: 06ST1-0087
Agency: DARPA
Topic#: 06-010       Awarded: 31AUG06
Title: Safe, Backpackable Method For Field Neutralization of Small Arms
Abstract:   This Phase I STTR effort involves harnessing the power of accelerated corrosion for the purpose of safely neutralizing small arms caches. A key part of the fight against irregular forces is finding their hidden small arms caches and either removing or destroying them. When removal is not possible or practical, destruction in place is the alternative. During Phase I, Lynntech, in collaboration with Professor Florian Mansfeld at the University of Southern California, proposes to develop a safe, non-toxic powdered formulation to rapidly neutralize small arms discovered by our combatants in place. This formulation will be packaged into sealed pouches which can be easily opened and the contents dispersed over the weapons to rapidly corrode them and damage them beyond use. Absorbing water even from dry air, our powdered formulation will render small arms non-operational within a few minutes and completely non-salvageable within a few hours of contact. We will develop the necessary packaging to enhance the shelf life and usability of the formulation. During Phase II, Lynntech will optimize the formulation and team up with chemical manufacturers and packaging companies to enable commercialization for mass procurement by our armed forces in the future.

MICROSAT SYSTEMS
8130 Shaffer Parkway
Littleton, CO 80127
(303) 285-1833

PI: Mr. Timothy Sayer
(303) 285-5136
Contract #: W31P4Q-06-C-0405
MONTANA STATE UNIV.
Space Science and Engineering P.O. Box 1
Bozeman, MT 59717
(406) 994-6169

ID#: 06ST1-0099
Agency: DARPA
Topic#: 06-011       Awarded: 08AUG06
Title: Responsive Secondary Payload Launch
Abstract:   This effort will develop the power, communication and launch vehicle (LV) interface systems of a parasitic "drone" satellite to be used in close proximity with a host satellite. The power system will harvest energy from the side lobes of the host satellite's microwave transmissions. The communication system will transfer data with the host through that same microwave frequency, negating the need for a second communication system on the host spacecraft. The launch vehicle interface will be a responsive and non-intrusive separation system that requires no electrical connections with the LV and bonds on to the structure late in the integration cycle. The interface accommodates both controlled separation as well as redocking maneuvers; it also has the capability to transfer power to the drone if the choice is made to run power lines to it. The interface can bonded to either the LV or the host spacecraft as the individual mission requires.

NEXT WAVE SYSTEMS, LLC
12261 E. Casey Hollow Road
Pekin, IN 47165
(812) 961-3543

PI: Mr. Richard Samuelson
(219) 644-3684
Contract #: W31P4Q-06-C-0407
PURDUE UNIV.
School of ECE, Purdue 465 Northwestern A
West Lafayette, IN 47907
(765) 494-3538

ID#: 06ST1-0025
Agency: DARPA
Topic#: 06-003       Awarded: 18AUG06
Title: Rosetta Phone
Abstract:   Most DoD missions occur in areas of the world where the native language is not English. The warfighters find themselves in situations where a quick, real-time translation of signs, placards, and documents could lead them out of dangerous situations or provide important clues and information relative to the mission at hand. In places such as Afghanistan or North Korea, this turns out to be a particularly difficult problem, since the languages commonly used in these countries are written with characters that cannot be typed into a translation device or even searched for in a dictionary (unless the user has a significant knowledge of the given language.) A valuable tool would be a handheld device (e.g., a mobile telephone or PDA) that would be capable of translating the text found in natural scenes into spoken English and text. The device should also possess the ability to transmit the captured image and text information to other warfighters in the area or to the warfighter's command and control organization or intelligence agencies that may assist in understanding the image as it applies to the larger overall mission. The Rosetta Phone takes the form of a handheld mobile device (HMD) such as a mobile telephone or a PDA. The HMD is assumed to be equipped with a color camera and, at least part of the time, wireless network capabilities. In order to be able to provide a translation of text found in natural images, the HMD needs to be programmed to perform the following sequence of tasks: . Natural Scene Image Acquisition . Text Segmentation (TS) . Optical Character Recognition (OCR) . Text Translation (TT) . Audio Output Once these tasks have been performed, several output items are available for display/listening, including the original image, the segmented text image, the optical character text, the English text translation, and the audio file (MP3) of the translation. The user will be able to choose to transmit any of these to a server, or to other users' HMDs supporting the mission. Each of the five tasks needs to be accomplished by the HMD in real-time and autonomously to ensure operation without the help of a remote server.

NEXTGEN AERONAUTICS
2780 Skypark Drive
Torrance, CA 90505
(310) 626-8384

PI: Mr. Jeff Rodrian
(310) 626-8364
Contract #: W31P4Q-06-C-0263
UNIV. OF PITTSBURGH
350 Thackeray Hall Office of Research
Pittsburgh, PA 15260
(412) 624-7400

ID#: 06ST1-0071
Agency: DARPA
Topic#: 06-007       Awarded: 11JUL06
Title: Fiber Reinforced Shape Changing Polymer Composites
Abstract:   With the recent development of structures that enable morphing aircraft, there is a need for a skin material capable of high in-plane strains while resisting aerodynamic loads. NextGen Aeronautics has partnered with the University of Pittsburgh to develop a fiber reinforced shape memory (SMP) matrix composite material for morphing wing skins. By pairing a fiber with an SMP matrix a composite is created that will withstand high out-of-plane surface pressures yet once activated the SMP will facilitate actuation with low external energy requirements. NextGen Aeronautics will combine its knowledge from the development of FlexSkin, a skin capable of large in-plane shearing, with University of Pittsburgh expertise in the area of developing smart and morphing materials. The objective of the Phase I research is to demonstrate a fiber reinforced composite with an SMP matrix that is capable of 60 degrees in-plane shearing. The ability to undergo large shearing shape changes and the out-of-plane stiffness will be demonstrated experimentally. Phase II will focus on improving the activation mechanism of the SMP and the response time of the shape change. The team will demonstrate the integration of the skin onto large morphing aircraft structures.

NLIGHT PHOTONICS
5408 NE 88th Street, Bldg E
Vancouver, WA 98665
(360) 566-4471

PI: Dr. Paul Crump
(360) 713-5161
Contract #: W31P4Q-06-C-0421
UNIV. OF ILLINOIS

Urbana, IL 61801
(217) 265-0563

ID#: 06ST1-0081
Agency: DARPA
Topic#: 06-009       Awarded: 27JUL06
Title: Built-In Filament Control for Long Lifetime in Broad Area Diode Lasers
Abstract:   The elimination or suppression of filaments through the use of photonic crystal structures is proposed in this STTR. Filament formation is a well-known problem in high-power, broad area semiconductor diode lasers, often leading to catastrophic failure of the diodes. The diode failure also normally results in a system failure in the systems in which the diodes are employed. By using a bi-directional periodic structure, milled into the laser using a Focused Ion Beam, it is shown that mode control can be exercised over the optical mode of the high-power, broad area diode laser. Mode control serves to eliminate or suppress filament formation in the diode laser, thereby eliminating or suppressing this pernicious failure mode.

PERCEPTRONICS SOLUTIONS, INC.
3527 Beverly Glen Blvd.
Sherman Oaks, CA 91423
(818) 788-1025

PI: Dr. Amos Freedy
(818) 460-9150
Contract #: W31P4Q-06-C-0410
UNIV. OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
Computer Science Department 941 West 37t
Los Angeles, CA 90089
(213) 740-4496

ID#: 06ST1-0051
Agency: DARPA
Topic#: 06-004       Awarded: 31AUG06
Title: Rapid Formation of Virtual Organizations Using Modeling and Multi Agent System Technology
Abstract:   Perceptronics Solutions, Inc. and the USC Computer Science Department present this proposal to develop an adaptive software system that will automatically form 'virtual' human networks. Our objective is to develop an automated system capable of: (1) identifying groups of people who should be in contact with each other by virtue of their parent organization's basic mission, that is, the long term problems it intends to solve; (2) organizing ad hoc groups of people to solve a specific problem encountered by the organization, taking into account organizational structures and individuals' positions in that structure; or (3) identifying new areas of organizational capability, or problem solving ability, based on the observed interests of the organization's members. Specifically, we will focus our Phase I efforts on automatically forming a problem-oriented virtual network in a dynamic military organization. The advantage of this approach is: (1) it directly addresses the military application, which has top priority; and (2) the solution will hold for less demanding applications as well, such as more static military and non-military organizations including civil agencies, companies, universities, and so forth.

SCIENCE RESEARCH LABORATORY, INC.
15 Ward Street
Somerville, MA 02143
(617) 547-1122

PI: Dr. MICHAEL BOOTH
(617) 547-1122
Contract #: W31P4Q-06-C-0425
PENNSTATE
ELECTRO-OPTICS CENTER W. HILLS IND. PK,
KITTANNING, PA 16201
(724) 295-7019

ID#: 06ST1-0082
Agency: DARPA
Topic#: 06-009       Awarded: 27JUL06
Title: INTELLIGENT DRIVERS USING OPTICAL SENSING
Abstract:   Science Research Laboratory (SRL) and the Penn State Electro-Optics Center (PSU) propose to develop intelligent laser diode driver technology, incorporating optical diagnostics, that extends the operating lifetime of laser diode arrays by an order of magnitude. Random perturbations of temperature or current density during operation of a laser diode array can lead to thermal runaway and the formation of current filaments; the high local temperature, current, and optical power associated with these filaments damages the emitters and eventually leads to array failure. SRL and PSU have demonstrated that the formation of current filaments can result in irreversible damage. As part of this SBIR, SRL and PSU propose to use rapid real-time optical diagnostics to protect laser diodes from irreversible damage, significantly increasing their lifetime and reliability. By improving the lifetime of laser diodes, this technology will dramatically lower the cost of ownership of laser diode arrays, allowing them to be successfully integrated into a wide range of military laser hardware.

SECURE COMMAND, LLC
4972 Marshall Crown Road
Centreville, VA 20120
(703) 340-6569

PI: Dr. Anup Ghosh
(703) 340-6569
Contract #: W31P4Q-06-C-0387
GEORGE MASON UNIV.
CSIS 4400 University Drive, MS 5B5
Fairfax, VA 22030
(703) 993-3767

ID#: 06ST1-0011
Agency: DARPA
Topic#: 06-001       Awarded: 31JUL06
Title: Building an Internet Cleanroom from Virtual Machines
Abstract:   In this proposal, we present an approach for building the Internet Cleanroom (IC) that represents a radical departure from prior and current Internet security tools and practices. Where today's information security tools and practices focus either on building better software, filtering mechanisms such as firewalls to prevent remote exploitation, or building tools to detect compromises, the proposed technology described here creates a safe environment for running Internet-enabled software. The system provides an environment in which intrusions or compromises present no threat to the host system or other software and data. This approach effectively eliminates all external threats from Internet-connected machines. It does not address the insider threat where users are given keyboard access to machines.

SHARED SPECTRUM CO.
1595 Spring Hill Road
Vienna, VA 22182
(703) 761-2818

PI: Dr. Filip Perich
(703) 761-2818
Contract #: W31P4Q-06-C-0395
UNIV. OF MARYLAND, BALTIMORE

Baltimore, MD 21250
(410) 455-3187

ID#: 06ST1-0019
Agency: DARPA
Topic#: 06-002       Awarded: 19JUL06
Title: Policy-based Automated WAN Configuration and Management
Abstract:   Our project aims at developing a description language allowing network administrators to specify policies for desired configuration and operation of their networks, networked devices, and applications at a high abstraction level. We ground the language ontologies and rules in the W3C Web Ontology Language and the W3C Semantic Web Rule Language. We formally prove that our language is sound and complete. We employ incremental tests to build acceptance within user community and demonstrate through use cases and concepts of operations of DoD and commercial enterprise networks that the language is perfect for capturing and expressing cross-layer configuration policies. Our project also aims at designing a cognitive, agent-based system capable of maintaining, verifying, and diagnosing network configurations based on policies defined in our language and responding to aberrant behavior. We develop a secure, distributed knowledge base, advanced expert reasoning technologies, and distributed validation, verification, and enforcement models enabling cognitive agents to collaboratively configure and manage networks. We investigate the feasibility and system benefits for transitioning the system to DoD and commercial customers.

TM TECH
Park Center Office Building
Pasadena, CA 91101
(323) 702-4750

PI: Mr. John Burns
(310) 291-3624
Contract #: W31P4Q-06-C-0440
UNIV. OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
837 W. Downey Way STO 308
Los Angeles, CA 90089
(213) 740-6058

ID#: 06ST1-0078
Agency: DARPA
Topic#: 06-008       Awarded: 28SEP06
Title: Modification of Wireless Fidelity Communication Devices to Support the Urban Warrior
Abstract:   TM Tech has identified an opportunity to leverage commercially available WIFI technology to support squad leader and foot soldiers in the urban warfare environment. The objective of this Phase I proposal is to determine the feasibility of modifying commercial WIFI components together with a single-chip SiGe BiCMOS ASIC to create ultra compact, portable, extended range communication devices in a USB form factor. Our initial focus is the implementation of a single-chip SiGe front-end module that increases the operational range of commercially available WIFI components. The ruggedized module is power efficient, lightweight, small and attaches to a UMPC, laptop, or PDA-type host device. At a minimum the module will be compliant with any 802.11b/g device operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. Line-of-sight range will be greater than 1 km at 1 Mb/s digital data rates. The module will also operate outside of the ISM band over an extended tuning range of at least 2.30 GHz to 2.50 GHz. Enhanced versions of the device could include operation in frequency bands from 900 MHz up to 5.9 GHz.

VENTANA RESEARCH
2702 South Fourth Avenue
Tucson, AZ 85713
(520) 882-8772

PI: Dr. John Lombardi
(520) 882-8772
Contract #: W31P4Q-06-C-0417
UNIV. OF ARIZONA
Dept. of Materials Sci. & Eng. 1309 E. U
Tucson, AZ 85722
(520) 621-6072

ID#: 06ST1-0092
Agency: DARPA
Topic#: 06-010       Awarded: 06JUL06
Title: Non-Toxic Chemical Formulation for Incapacitation and Destruction of Small Arms and Light Weapons
Abstract:   In an attempt to deal with a growing number of weapon caches, Ventana Research will team-up with the University of Arizona to develop a non-toxic, cost-efficient resins formulation which will immediately incapacitate small arms and light weaponry. In addition this resin will also cause significant corrosion of ordinance steel over a prolonged time period.